Question:
1. Explain with an example that studying economic geography of economic activity of the population!
2. What factors that influence the interaction? Explain!
3. Give a response to Weber's theory of economic interaction that you agree and disagree with that assumption!
4. What factors that influence the location of an industry? Explain it!
5. Explain the difference in organic farming and green revolution agriculture?
6. Explain the positive and negative impacts of organic farming!
7. Explain the positive and negative impacts of agricultural green revolution!
8. Efforts of what must be done to overcome the negative impact on numbers 6 and 7?
2. What factors that influence the interaction? Explain!
3. Give a response to Weber's theory of economic interaction that you agree and disagree with that assumption!
4. What factors that influence the location of an industry? Explain it!
5. Explain the difference in organic farming and green revolution agriculture?
6. Explain the positive and negative impacts of organic farming!
7. Explain the positive and negative impacts of agricultural green revolution!
8. Efforts of what must be done to overcome the negative impact on numbers 6 and 7?
Answer:
1. Indeed learn the economic geography of economic activity of the population. This can we know that in economic geography it discusses the economic interaction between the region to other regions. In the geography, the physical environment where human life on this earth is different. There is a mountainous and hilly areas, the soil is less fertile, the climate uncomfortable. Such conditions would complicate its inhabitants, both in economics and transportation. Conversely there are also areas of the earth's surface sloping topography, the climate is comfortable, adequate rainfall, fertile soil. For a fertile area, adequate sources of water gently sloping topography the climate is comfortable, the accumulation of population centers to conduct activities in order to meet their needs. As a result of differences in topography is what makes people interact with each other from one area to another area to meet their needs. In relation to economic geography, population activities contained in the geography can be discussed also in economics which studies how people make ends meet. Here, the science of geography and economics are interrelated to one another.
Example: The exploitation of gold mines in Papua. Economic geography studied the economic impacts of mining population there if it's done. How the environment there menadi damaged if done mining, and eventually will go to economic activity such as workers there are getting a decent living or not, and whether the natives there can enjoy a decent life with the existence of such mining. Here the role of economic geography is very important in the economies of the population. For example, with a population of mining lands to be damaged. As a result, land formerly used for agriculture, with residents forced to move to another job.
Example: The exploitation of gold mines in Papua. Economic geography studied the economic impacts of mining population there if it's done. How the environment there menadi damaged if done mining, and eventually will go to economic activity such as workers there are getting a decent living or not, and whether the natives there can enjoy a decent life with the existence of such mining. Here the role of economic geography is very important in the economies of the population. For example, with a population of mining lands to be damaged. As a result, land formerly used for agriculture, with residents forced to move to another job.
2. Interaction of factors, among others:
1. The potential difference
One region with another region certainly has the potential for different and would require the completeness of other areas. Thus, residents interact to other areas to gain importance. Example: A need mining industry in the region B. Thus, industry A will automatically interact with the residents in the region B.
2. Interlinkages, inter-sectoral linkages between regions, determine the pattern of economic interdependence among regions. Economic interdependence among regions can be grouped into three patterns. First, the pattern of "dominant-dependent" (dependence). This pattern has a dominant feature of the interaction between region and region-dependent, where the dominant gain greater economic interaction, and even tended to exploit the region depends to obtain greater profits. Thus, this pattern would lead to economic disparities between regions are even greater.
3. The pattern of "center-periphery" (the concept of interdependence), in which the industrial sector (modern) generally located in urban areas as the center and the primary sector (traditional) are generally located in rural or suburban areas as the periphery. This pattern suggests that the periphery produce and supply raw materials (inputs) to the center, so the center region's economic progress will attract the region's economic progress periphery to a more advanced level. Something similar happens when the economy experienced growth in the periphery area of demand for products will increase the center region, which then encourages the growth of regional economic center. This kind of interaction pattern was not immune from the possibility of economic disparities between regions, when the exchange rate (terms of trade) the lower primary sector.
4. The existence of Communication
process of delivering messages from one person to another is done directly or with assistive devices in order that others membeikan specific responses or responses.
1. The potential difference
One region with another region certainly has the potential for different and would require the completeness of other areas. Thus, residents interact to other areas to gain importance. Example: A need mining industry in the region B. Thus, industry A will automatically interact with the residents in the region B.
2. Interlinkages, inter-sectoral linkages between regions, determine the pattern of economic interdependence among regions. Economic interdependence among regions can be grouped into three patterns. First, the pattern of "dominant-dependent" (dependence). This pattern has a dominant feature of the interaction between region and region-dependent, where the dominant gain greater economic interaction, and even tended to exploit the region depends to obtain greater profits. Thus, this pattern would lead to economic disparities between regions are even greater.
3. The pattern of "center-periphery" (the concept of interdependence), in which the industrial sector (modern) generally located in urban areas as the center and the primary sector (traditional) are generally located in rural or suburban areas as the periphery. This pattern suggests that the periphery produce and supply raw materials (inputs) to the center, so the center region's economic progress will attract the region's economic progress periphery to a more advanced level. Something similar happens when the economy experienced growth in the periphery area of demand for products will increase the center region, which then encourages the growth of regional economic center. This kind of interaction pattern was not immune from the possibility of economic disparities between regions, when the exchange rate (terms of trade) the lower primary sector.
4. The existence of Communication
process of delivering messages from one person to another is done directly or with assistive devices in order that others membeikan specific responses or responses.
3. I certify that I approve the location of Weber's theory which states that the determination of industrial location are placed in places where the risk or cost or minimal cost cheapest (least cost location) that is the place where the total cost of transportation and labor in which the sum of both the minimum, where the where the total cost of transportation and labor tend minimum profit level is identical to the maximum.
As for my reason is because in determining the location or locations where the industry should be placed in transport costs to a minimum. Transportation costs are worth noting because it became a major role in the distribution of goods from one area to another area. In addition, labor costs should have a balanced reciprocal value. It should be thoughtful labor truly competent in his field, so that although the labor costs incurred, but for maximum results. If the result is maximum, then the profit will be maximum.
As for my reason is because in determining the location or locations where the industry should be placed in transport costs to a minimum. Transportation costs are worth noting because it became a major role in the distribution of goods from one area to another area. In addition, labor costs should have a balanced reciprocal value. It should be thoughtful labor truly competent in his field, so that although the labor costs incurred, but for maximum results. If the result is maximum, then the profit will be maximum.
4. Factors affecting industrial location:
a. Raw material
Raw materials is a basic requirement that must be met in industrial activity, so its existence must always be available in large numbers for the smooth and sustainable production processes. If needed industrial raw materials, large reserves and many found it will be easier and increase the choice of an alternative placement or industrial locations. If the raw materials needed to back up the industry is limited and is only found in certain places, it will cause higher operating costs and options for the placement of industrial sites increasingly limited.
b. Capital
Capital used in production peoses is very important. This is related to the amount of product to be produced, the procurement of raw materials, labor required, the technology to be used, and the extent of the marketing system.
c. Labor
Labor is the backbone in maintaining smooth production process, both the number and expertise. Thus, the placement location based on the industrial workforce is highly dependent on the type and characteristics of industrial activity.
d. Energy sources
Industrial activities in desperate need of energy to drive production machinery, such as: wood, coal, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, and atomic energy / nuclear. An industry that requires a lot of energy, generally close to the places that became a source of energy.
e. Transportation
Industrial activities should be supported by the ease of transportation and communications. This is to smooth supply of raw material and guarantee the distribution of the resulting product marketing.
f. Market
Market as a very important component in considering the location of industry, because the market as a means to market or sell the products produced.
g. The technology used
Inappropriate use of technology can hinder the course of an industrial activity. The recommended use of technology for industrial development in the future is an industry that: have high levels of pollution (water, air, and noise) is low, saving water, saving raw materials, and have high economic value.
h. The law
Legal instruments in the form of regulations and legislation is essential to ensure business certainty and continuity of industries, including layout, function areas, the regional minimum wage, licensing, taxation systems, and security.
i. Environmental conditions
Environmental factors in question are all things that exist in the vicinity that can support the smooth production. such as security and order, the distance to the settlement, the stable rock structures, ocok climate, availability of water sources, and others.
a. Raw material
Raw materials is a basic requirement that must be met in industrial activity, so its existence must always be available in large numbers for the smooth and sustainable production processes. If needed industrial raw materials, large reserves and many found it will be easier and increase the choice of an alternative placement or industrial locations. If the raw materials needed to back up the industry is limited and is only found in certain places, it will cause higher operating costs and options for the placement of industrial sites increasingly limited.
b. Capital
Capital used in production peoses is very important. This is related to the amount of product to be produced, the procurement of raw materials, labor required, the technology to be used, and the extent of the marketing system.
c. Labor
Labor is the backbone in maintaining smooth production process, both the number and expertise. Thus, the placement location based on the industrial workforce is highly dependent on the type and characteristics of industrial activity.
d. Energy sources
Industrial activities in desperate need of energy to drive production machinery, such as: wood, coal, electricity, petroleum, natural gas, and atomic energy / nuclear. An industry that requires a lot of energy, generally close to the places that became a source of energy.
e. Transportation
Industrial activities should be supported by the ease of transportation and communications. This is to smooth supply of raw material and guarantee the distribution of the resulting product marketing.
f. Market
Market as a very important component in considering the location of industry, because the market as a means to market or sell the products produced.
g. The technology used
Inappropriate use of technology can hinder the course of an industrial activity. The recommended use of technology for industrial development in the future is an industry that: have high levels of pollution (water, air, and noise) is low, saving water, saving raw materials, and have high economic value.
h. The law
Legal instruments in the form of regulations and legislation is essential to ensure business certainty and continuity of industries, including layout, function areas, the regional minimum wage, licensing, taxation systems, and security.
i. Environmental conditions
Environmental factors in question are all things that exist in the vicinity that can support the smooth production. such as security and order, the distance to the settlement, the stable rock structures, ocok climate, availability of water sources, and others.
5. Differences of organic farming and green revolution agriculture.
Organic farming:
- Agricultural systems that rely on natural ingredients without using synthetic chemicals.
Materials used dala organic farms still using natural ingredients so it can adjust to environmental conditions.
- Technology is a natural and simple.
With simple technology, the possibility of agricultural output will be slightly, but tida damage the environment.
- Agricultural output is usually less than modern agriculture.
This is because the technology is still simple and ordinary seeds.
- The tools used are environmentally friendly.
That is environmentally friendly in the sense not to damage the ecosystem.
Green revolution agriculture:
- Changes in ways of producing food which was originally done with traditional replaced with a modern way.
This is done to change the old-style farmers (peasant) into a new style of farmers (Farmers), modernize agriculture to meet the old-style industrialization of the national economy. The green revolution is characterized by the decreasing dependence of farmers on the weather and nature because of the increasing role of science and technology in increasing food production.
- The use of pesticides led to the emergence of new strains of resistant pests.
The use of pesticides also cause detonation pests-a situation that contradicts the purpose of manufacture of pesticides, because pesticides in excessive doses cause immune to pests and natural enemies of pests cause of death is concerned.
- Agricultural output and uses a lot of seeds.
Through non-traditional application of this technology, there was an increase in food crop yields and allow planting doubled three times a year for rice in certain places
- The tool has a modern but usually damage the environment.
The emergence of the water and soil pollution resulting from the use of pesticides (chemical fertilizers) are excessive. For if the elements contained nitrate or phosphate in fertilizers in large quantities into the river will cause the growth of blue algae and other aquatic plants that cause drying of the river because of the large aquatic plants (eutrophication).
For the occurrence of the Green Revolution
- The green revolution appears closely related to the problem of food for mankind. The emergence of the problem of food for mankind are caused by several factors:
Increasing food 1. Daily need
Diminishing agricultural, 2.Land
3.Many farmland damaged by the war
4.There is the idle land that is not utilized by the owner.
Organic farming:
- Agricultural systems that rely on natural ingredients without using synthetic chemicals.
Materials used dala organic farms still using natural ingredients so it can adjust to environmental conditions.
- Technology is a natural and simple.
With simple technology, the possibility of agricultural output will be slightly, but tida damage the environment.
- Agricultural output is usually less than modern agriculture.
This is because the technology is still simple and ordinary seeds.
- The tools used are environmentally friendly.
That is environmentally friendly in the sense not to damage the ecosystem.
Green revolution agriculture:
- Changes in ways of producing food which was originally done with traditional replaced with a modern way.
This is done to change the old-style farmers (peasant) into a new style of farmers (Farmers), modernize agriculture to meet the old-style industrialization of the national economy. The green revolution is characterized by the decreasing dependence of farmers on the weather and nature because of the increasing role of science and technology in increasing food production.
- The use of pesticides led to the emergence of new strains of resistant pests.
The use of pesticides also cause detonation pests-a situation that contradicts the purpose of manufacture of pesticides, because pesticides in excessive doses cause immune to pests and natural enemies of pests cause of death is concerned.
- Agricultural output and uses a lot of seeds.
Through non-traditional application of this technology, there was an increase in food crop yields and allow planting doubled three times a year for rice in certain places
- The tool has a modern but usually damage the environment.
The emergence of the water and soil pollution resulting from the use of pesticides (chemical fertilizers) are excessive. For if the elements contained nitrate or phosphate in fertilizers in large quantities into the river will cause the growth of blue algae and other aquatic plants that cause drying of the river because of the large aquatic plants (eutrophication).
For the occurrence of the Green Revolution
- The green revolution appears closely related to the problem of food for mankind. The emergence of the problem of food for mankind are caused by several factors:
Increasing food 1. Daily need
Diminishing agricultural, 2.Land
3.Many farmland damaged by the war
4.There is the idle land that is not utilized by the owner.
6. The positive impact of organic farming.
1. Do not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides made from, so it does not cause environmental pollution, both pollution of soil, water, air, and its products do not contain toxins, so it is safe for consumption by the public
2. Organic crops have a much sweeter taste compared to non-organic crops
3. Organic plant products more expensive.
4. reduce environmental damage caused by intensive farming. The purpose of intensive agriculture: Use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to boost crop productivity at the highest, to exceed the natural buffering power. As a result of intensive agriculture, among others: the soil becomes very hard, so hard to be processed, and water binding ability is reduced drastically due to microorganisms in the soil (worms, bacteria, fungi, etc.) die. Also pests rampant because predators killed by pesticides, while the targeted pests even more resistant. Not to mention countless air and water pollution caused by the use of synthetic chemical bahan2 this uncontrolled.
5. Protecting and improving the welfare of farmers. Farmers are leading people who are dealing with all types of nitrogen and pesticide contamination, and they are continuously exposed to large amounts. In addition, farmers were the first to suffer most if the price of factory-made fertilizers and pesticides rose; especially if followed by crop failures and falling prices of agricultural products.
The negative impact of organic farming.
1. Needs more power is required compared with modern agriculture, mainly for controlling pests and diseases. Generally, control of pests and diseases in organic farming is still done manually. The use of natural pesticides take a long time since such materials are not sold in the market.
2. Physical form of organic crops is less good, such as small size, and leaves with holes.
Nutrient needs of each plant is different.
3. The resulting product is usually small and not optimal.
1. Do not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides made from, so it does not cause environmental pollution, both pollution of soil, water, air, and its products do not contain toxins, so it is safe for consumption by the public
2. Organic crops have a much sweeter taste compared to non-organic crops
3. Organic plant products more expensive.
4. reduce environmental damage caused by intensive farming. The purpose of intensive agriculture: Use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to boost crop productivity at the highest, to exceed the natural buffering power. As a result of intensive agriculture, among others: the soil becomes very hard, so hard to be processed, and water binding ability is reduced drastically due to microorganisms in the soil (worms, bacteria, fungi, etc.) die. Also pests rampant because predators killed by pesticides, while the targeted pests even more resistant. Not to mention countless air and water pollution caused by the use of synthetic chemical bahan2 this uncontrolled.
5. Protecting and improving the welfare of farmers. Farmers are leading people who are dealing with all types of nitrogen and pesticide contamination, and they are continuously exposed to large amounts. In addition, farmers were the first to suffer most if the price of factory-made fertilizers and pesticides rose; especially if followed by crop failures and falling prices of agricultural products.
The negative impact of organic farming.
1. Needs more power is required compared with modern agriculture, mainly for controlling pests and diseases. Generally, control of pests and diseases in organic farming is still done manually. The use of natural pesticides take a long time since such materials are not sold in the market.
2. Physical form of organic crops is less good, such as small size, and leaves with holes.
Nutrient needs of each plant is different.
3. The resulting product is usually small and not optimal.
7. The positive impact of green revolution agriculture.
1. The positive impact
1. The use of tractor engine for processing rice and soil
2. The technology of artificial rain
3. The use of machines to harvest the wheat or rice
4. The discovery of rice and wheat grinding machine
5. Intensification of agriculture in the world
6. The discovery of seeds
7. Establishment IPTN (Nusantara Aircraft Industry)
8. Construction of factories in various places, eg, cement plants (Krakatau Steel)
9. Rice and wheat production increased so that the fulfillment of food (carbohydrates) increase. One example for your own Indonesian nation is Indonesia, which had been importing rice to be able to self-sufficiency in rice.
10. Providing jobs for farmers and agricultural laborers.
11. Areas that previously could only produce a limited basis and only to meet the minimal needs of its people can enjoy better results because of the green revolution.
12. Food shortages can be resolved.
13. The agricultural sector could become pillars of the Indonesian economy, especially noticeable when Indonesia experienced the economic crisis so that people turn the business into the agribusiness sector.
2. Negative Impact of Green Revolution:
1. Appears commercialization of agricultural production
2. Appears individualist stance in terms of land tenure
3. There is a change in the rural social structure and patterns of relationships antarlapisan farmers in the village where the relationship between the separate layers and a social unit in the opposite interest.
4. Waning of kinship systems in societies that initially become binding relationship between the layers.
5. Economic disparities arise from the transfer of rights to land through buying and selling.
6. High land prices are not affordable by the farmers' economic ability of the lower layer so that the rich farmers have a tremendous opportunity to increase the area of land.
1. The positive impact
1. The use of tractor engine for processing rice and soil
2. The technology of artificial rain
3. The use of machines to harvest the wheat or rice
4. The discovery of rice and wheat grinding machine
5. Intensification of agriculture in the world
6. The discovery of seeds
7. Establishment IPTN (Nusantara Aircraft Industry)
8. Construction of factories in various places, eg, cement plants (Krakatau Steel)
9. Rice and wheat production increased so that the fulfillment of food (carbohydrates) increase. One example for your own Indonesian nation is Indonesia, which had been importing rice to be able to self-sufficiency in rice.
10. Providing jobs for farmers and agricultural laborers.
11. Areas that previously could only produce a limited basis and only to meet the minimal needs of its people can enjoy better results because of the green revolution.
12. Food shortages can be resolved.
13. The agricultural sector could become pillars of the Indonesian economy, especially noticeable when Indonesia experienced the economic crisis so that people turn the business into the agribusiness sector.
2. Negative Impact of Green Revolution:
1. Appears commercialization of agricultural production
2. Appears individualist stance in terms of land tenure
3. There is a change in the rural social structure and patterns of relationships antarlapisan farmers in the village where the relationship between the separate layers and a social unit in the opposite interest.
4. Waning of kinship systems in societies that initially become binding relationship between the layers.
5. Economic disparities arise from the transfer of rights to land through buying and selling.
6. High land prices are not affordable by the farmers' economic ability of the lower layer so that the rich farmers have a tremendous opportunity to increase the area of land.
7. The positive impact of green revolution agriculture.
1. The positive impact
1. The use of tractor engine for processing rice and soil
2. The technology of artificial rain
3. The use of machines to harvest the wheat or rice
4. The discovery of rice and wheat grinding machine
5. Intensification of agriculture in the world
6. The discovery of seeds
7. Establishment IPTN (Nusantara Aircraft Industry)
8. Construction of factories in various places, eg, cement plants (Krakatau Steel)
9. Rice and wheat production increased so that the fulfillment of food (carbohydrates) increase. One example for your own Indonesian nation is Indonesia, which had been importing rice to be able to self-sufficiency in rice.
10. Providing jobs for farmers and agricultural laborers.
11. Areas that previously could only produce a limited basis and only to meet the minimal needs of its people can enjoy better results because of the green revolution.
12. Food shortages can be resolved.
13. The agricultural sector could become pillars of the Indonesian economy, especially noticeable when Indonesia experienced the economic crisis so that people turn the business into the agribusiness sector.
2. Negative Impact of Green Revolution:
1. Appears commercialization of agricultural production
2. Appears individualist stance in terms of land tenure
3. There is a change in the rural social structure and patterns of relationships antarlapisan farmers in the village where the relationship between the separate layers and a social unit in the opposite interest.
4. Waning of kinship systems in societies that initially become binding relationship between the layers.
5. Economic disparities arise from the transfer of rights to land through buying and selling.
6. High land prices are not affordable by the farmers' economic ability of the lower layer so that the rich farmers have a tremendous opportunity to increase the area of land.
7. Cause the level of income will be different.
8. Emerging gaps as seen from the difference in building style or fashion of the population that became a symbol of the identity of a social layer.
9. There began the efforts of farmers to switch to other types of work as the development of technology.
10. Various soil fertility extinct organisms
11. Declining soil fertility / barren
12. Soil containing residue (sediment pesticide)
13. Agricultural products containing pesticide residues
14. The balance of the ecosystem is damaged
15. Explosion occurred and the amount of pest attack.
16. The use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides in excess will result in agricultural land becomes fertile again.
17. Reduced genetic diversity of certain plant species caused by the uniformity of certain types of plants are developed.
18 The mechanization of agriculture resulted in the traditional way of farming to be marginalized.
19. Declining sense of mutual cooperation.
8. Emerging gaps as seen from the difference in building style or fashion of the population that became a symbol of the identity of a social layer.
9. There began the efforts of farmers to switch to other types of work as the development of technology.
10. Various soil fertility extinct organisms
11. Declining soil fertility / barren
12. Soil containing residue (sediment pesticide)
13. Agricultural products containing pesticide residues
14. The balance of the ecosystem is damaged
15. Explosion occurred and the amount of pest attack.
16. The use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides in excess will result in agricultural land becomes fertile again.
17. Reduced genetic diversity of certain plant species caused by the uniformity of certain types of plants are developed.
18 The mechanization of agriculture resulted in the traditional way of farming to be marginalized.
19. Declining sense of mutual cooperation.
8. Effort to overcome the negative impact of organic farming:
1. Because it takes many workers, the right business is to utilize the labor of the population who do not have higher education, this can be overcome unemployment.
2. Adding quality of agricultural products by applying the science of agriculture. So the science of agriculture became important in life.
3. Intercropping plant to plant, thus further increasing productivity.
Effort to overcome the negative impact of the green revolution:
1. Keeping the environment by not over-the tools and ingredients of pesticides.
2. Despite its use of superior seeds, still must pay attention to the environment so orgnisme alive not dead.
3. Keep working with memerapkan mutual help system for resolving conflicts and land tenure.
4. Approach increased the carrying capacity of the soil or increased efficiency of fertilizer products using microorganisms. The use of microorganisms on the manufacture of organic fertilizers, in addition to increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use, also would reduce the impact of groundwater pollution and the environment arising from excessive use of chemical fertilizers.
1. Because it takes many workers, the right business is to utilize the labor of the population who do not have higher education, this can be overcome unemployment.
2. Adding quality of agricultural products by applying the science of agriculture. So the science of agriculture became important in life.
3. Intercropping plant to plant, thus further increasing productivity.
Effort to overcome the negative impact of the green revolution:
1. Keeping the environment by not over-the tools and ingredients of pesticides.
2. Despite its use of superior seeds, still must pay attention to the environment so orgnisme alive not dead.
3. Keep working with memerapkan mutual help system for resolving conflicts and land tenure.
4. Approach increased the carrying capacity of the soil or increased efficiency of fertilizer products using microorganisms. The use of microorganisms on the manufacture of organic fertilizers, in addition to increasing the efficiency of fertilizer use, also would reduce the impact of groundwater pollution and the environment arising from excessive use of chemical fertilizers.
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